Exploring stigma associated with mental illness in Latin America: a literature review

Resumen

Mental health stigma in Latin America presents a multifaceted challenge shaped by complex cultural, social, and economic factors. While global research often centers on Western contexts, this paper focuses on Latin American societies, where cultural norms such as machismo, familismo, and religious interpretations deeply affect how mental illness is perceived and treated. Economic inequality, underfunded health systems, and centralized psychiatric care further limit access to services, reinforcing public, institutional, and self-stigma. Drawing on studies from countries like Paraguay, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia, this research reveals how adolescent populations are particularly vulnerable to stigma, especially in contexts marked by poverty, violence, or migration. The paper also compares regional realities to those of Western countries, emphasizing that one-size-fits-all stigma reduction strategies fail to account for local cultural dynamics. Testimonial narratives and recent community-based interventions offer potential paths forward. Ultimately, the study argues that tackling stigma in Latin America requires intersectional, culturally grounded, and socially responsive approaches that address systemic inequality, expand mental health literacy, and reframe public discourse around dignity, belonging, and care.